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   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
 id="x1-1000"></a>HSL_MI20 Unsymmetric system: algebraic multigrid preconditioner</h3>
<!--l. 21--><p class="noindent" >Given an <!--l. 21--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>n</mi> <mo 
class="MathClass-bin">&#x00D7;</mo> <mi 
>n</mi></math> sparse
unsymmetric matrix <!--l. 21--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>A</mi></mstyle></math>
and an <!--l. 21--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mi 
>n</mi></math>-vector
<!--l. 22--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>z</mi></mstyle></math>, <span 
class="cmtt-10">HSL</span><span 
class="cmtt-10">_MI20</span>
computes the vector <!--l. 22--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>x</mi></mstyle> <mo 
class="MathClass-rel">=</mo> <mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>M</mi><mi 
>z</mi></mstyle></math>,
where <!--l. 23--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>M</mi></mstyle></math>
is an algebraic multigrid (AMG) v-cycle preconditioner for
<!--l. 24--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>A</mi></mstyle></math>. A classical AMG method
is used. The matrix <!--l. 25--><math 
 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" ><mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mi 
>A</mi></mstyle></math>
must have positive diagonal entries and (most of) the off-diagonals entries must be
negative (the diagonal should be large compared to the sum of the off-diagonals).
During the multigrid coarsening process, positive off-diagonal entries are ignored and,
when calculating the interpolation weights, positive off-diagonal entries are added to
the diagonal.
</p><!--l. 42--><p class="indent" >   <span 
class="cmbx-10">Precision: </span>At least 8-byte arithmetic is recommended.
</p>
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