----------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------- HSL_MA86 solves the system A * X = B where A is a specified n x n symmetric or Hermitian matrix, B is an n x m specified right-hand side and X is an n x m unknown. If m=1, this simplifies to A * x = b. A direct method is used, performing the factorization PAP' = LDL' where P is a permutation matrix. If A is positive-definite, consider using HSL_MA87 instead. OpenMP is used to support parallel computation on multicore. For best performance an OpenMP supporting compiler should be used. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Requirements ----------------------------------------------------------------- These instructions should work on Linux, Mac OS or Windows systems. They have been tested using the six most recent releases of Matlab. Please note that HSL software requires a Fortran compiler to be installed that is compatible with Matlab. Please see https://uk.mathworks.com/support/requirements/supported-compilers.html and look up the requirements for your OS and version of Matlab. The MATLAB environment variable must point to your system matlab directory (see INSTALL for further details) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Installation ----------------------------------------------------------------- Instructions for installing the Matlab Interface for HSL_MA86 are located in INSTALL. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Using the Matlab interface ----------------------------------------------------------------- There are two approaches for using HSL_MA86 under Matlab. (a) Just use hsl_ma86_backslash in place of matlab's own X = A \ B. (b) Use the "expert" interface that allows a factorization to be preserved and multiple solves to be performed using it. Approach (a) is offered as a subset of the functions implement (b). ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4(a). As a replacement backslash routine ----------------------------------------------------------------- - If not already in the search paths, add the directory where you installed the interface to the search paths, e.g. >> addpath('ma86_matlab') >> javaaddpath('ma86_matlab') where ma86_matlab is the directory. [ You can add these paths permanently (see 'help pathtool')] - To solve the equation AX = B for X: >> X = ma86_backslash(A, B) This will only work when A is symmetric. For Hermitian A, see the expert interface. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4(b). The "expert" interface ----------------------------------------------------------------- The expert interface has the concept of handles. These are integers that refer to factorizations held in memory. The factorization will continue to take up memory until the 'destroy' call is used on that particular handle. The use of these handles allows for storing multiple matrix factors simultaneously without the inefficiency of translating internal data formats to MATLAB arrays. Complex matrices are assumed to be symmetric unless they are specified as Hermitian by setting the value control.hermitian=true. - If not already in the search paths, add the directory where you installed the interface to the search paths, e.g. >> addpath('ma86_matlab') >> javaaddpath('ma86_matlab') where ma86_matlab is the directory. [ You can add these paths permanently (see 'help pathtool') ] - hsl_ma86_factor may be used to perform the factorization of a symmetric matrix A. This is equivalent to calling the Fortran routines ma86_analyse and ma86_factor. >> handle = hsl_ma86_factor(A) Optionally control and info structures may be used >> [handle, info] = hsl_ma86_factor(A, control) If the user wishes to provide a permutation P (rather than allow ma86 to find its own), it should be specified as the fourth argument: >> handle = hsl_ma86_factor(A, [], P) where P is a vector as returned by symamd(A). - hsl_ma86_solve may be used to perform the solution of AX=B where A has already been factorized by a previous call to hsl_ma86_factor or hsl_ma86_backslash. This is equivalent to calling the Fortran routine ma86_solve. >> X = hsl_ma86_solve(handle, B) Optionally control and info structures may be used >> [X, info] = hsl_ma86_solve(handle, B, control) - hsl_ma86_backslash may be used to perform a combined factorization and solve. This is equivalent to calling the Fortran routines ma86_analyse and ma86_factor_solve. >> X = hsl_ma86_backslash(A, b) Optionally control and info structures may be used >> [X, info] = hsl_ma86_backslash(A, b, control) It is possible to preserve the factorization in memory by supplying an output variable to store the handle >> [X, info, handle] = hsl_ma86_backslash(A, b) As in the 'factor' call a permutation P may be supplied by the user >> X = hsl_ma86_backslash(A, b, [], P) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Control and information structures ----------------------------------------------------------------- A limited subset of the Fortran control and information parameters may be used through the expert MATLAB interface. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5(a). The control structure ----------------------------------------------------------------- The argument control may have any of the following components set. If unrecognised components are present a warning is issued. If a component is not present its default value is used. control.hermitian - True or false. Determines if a complex matrix is treated as Hermitian (true) or symmetric (false). Default is false. control.nb - Block size to be used. Default is 256. control.nemin - Maximum number of columns in candidates for supernode amalgamation. Default is 32. control.num_threads - Number of threads on which to run. Default is the maximum available. control.scaling - Determines if scaling is to be used with values: <=0 : No scaling 1 : MC64 weighted matching-based scaling >=2 : MC77 scaling (MC77[1,3,0] variant) Default is 0. NOTE: Meaning of control.scaling changed in v1.4.0 control.small - Pivots of modulus less than this are treated as zero. Default is 1e-20. control.static - If greater than zero static pivoting is used. Default is 0.0. control.u - Initial relative pivot tolerance threshold. Default is 0.01. control.umin - Relaxed relative pivot tolerance threshold. Default is 1.0. A fuller description for many of the components is available in the Fortran documentation. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5(b). The info structure ----------------------------------------------------------------- On return from a routine, the output argument info is a structure that will have one or more of the following components set: info.matrix_rank - Number of non-zero pivots. info.num_delay - Number of delayed pivots. info.num_factor - Number of entries in the factors (after supernode amalgamation). info.num_flops - Number of floating point operations to form factors (after supernode amalgamation). info.num_neg - Number of negative pivots in factors. info.num_perturbed - Number of perturbed pivots when static pivoting is used. info.num_two - Number of 2x2 pivots used in factorization. info.order - Ordering used. One of 'MeTiS', 'AMD' or 'user'. If a user has provided a permutation that is used, otherwise a MeTiS ordering is used. Should MeTiS not be available then AMD is used instead. info.usmall - Threshold parameter actually used. This will only differ from control.u if control.umin < control.u. info.order_time - Wall clock time for Fortran ordering routine info.analyse_time - Wall clock time for Fortran ma86_analyse call info.factor_time - Wall clock time for Fortran ma86_factor call info.factor_solve_time - Wall clock time for Fortran ma86_factor_solve call info.solve_time - Wall clock time for Fortran ma86_solve call A fuller description for many of the components is available in the Fortran documentation. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Example ----------------------------------------------------------------- The following MATLAB session shows an example of using hsl_ma86 to solve a system using the expert 'backslash' action. >> A = sparse ([1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4], [2 3 4 1 3 1 2 3 1 4], [1.1-i 2.2-i 3.3-i, 1.1+i 4.4-i, 2.2+i 4.4+i 5.5, 3.3+i 6.6]) A = (2,1) 1.1000 + 1.0000i (3,1) 2.2000 + 1.0000i (4,1) 3.3000 + 1.0000i (1,2) 1.1000 - 1.0000i (3,2) 4.4000 + 1.0000i (1,3) 2.2000 - 1.0000i (2,3) 4.4000 - 1.0000i (3,3) 5.5000 (1,4) 3.3000 - 1.0000i (4,4) 6.6000 >> x = rand(size(A,1), 2) x = 0.8092 0.3258 0.7486 0.5464 0.1202 0.3989 0.5250 0.4151 >> b = A*x; >> control.hermitian = true; >> [soln, info] = hsl_ma86_backslash(A, b, control) soln = 0.8092 0.3258 0.7486 - 0.0000i 0.5464 + 0.0000i 0.1202 - 0.0000i 0.3989 0.5250 0.4151 + 0.0000i info = matrix_rank: 4 num_delay: 0 num_factor: 10 num_flops: 30 num_neg: 2 num_perturbed: 0 num_two: 1 order: 'AMD' order_time: 0 analyse_time: 0 factor_solve_time: 0.0830